As part of our overarching mission to empower the world to live onchain, Linea is committed to building a decentralized, open-source solution that fosters collaboration across the broader ecosystem—including contributors from Linea, Consensys, ENS, Status, and others. By working transparently and collectively, we ensure the technology addresses real-world needs, benefits the Ethereum community, and supports Linea-based chains, all while taking another step toward our top-level goal.
Below is our product roadmap, organized into three primary tracks—User Experience, Developer Experience, and Community Experience—with milestones extending through 2027 and beyond. In the near term, we require detailed, concrete specifications for immediate initiatives, while longer-term objectives are outlined at a higher level to reflect the inherent uncertainties of multi-year development.
We will convene regular working groups to review roadmap details, align on direction, and ensure the highest engineering standards. Additional updates on these sessions will follow in the coming weeks.
User Experience
Q1 2025
- ERC-20 Gas Token
Enable payment of gas fees using an ERC-20 token instead of strictly ETH. This leverages eth_sendBundle to facilitate private submission directly to the sequencer, abstracting away the need for ETH funding. MetaMask has committed Day 1 support, allowing, for example, MetaMask Card users to onboard with stablecoins and pay gas in ERC-20 tokens (including the native LINEA token). - Linea Bridge UI V2
Enhance cross-chain user flows by integrating third-party bridge solutions, starting with Across as the first external provider. This simplifies bridging from multiple Layer 2 networks and L1s to Linea offering a faster and more flexible bridging alternative to the native bridge. - Private Transaction Pool
Introduce a private transaction endpoint (eth_sendBundle) to combat front-running and malicious MEV. Private transactions will not appear in the public mempool, protecting users and infrastructure like ERC-4337 bundlers. During the initial rollout, this feature will be permissioned, and gas prices will mirror public mempool rates. - Remove Finalization Delay
Eliminate the artificial 6-hour delay on SNARK proof submission. This “training wheel” was initially set to provide a contingency window for suspicious activity. With the system now more mature, proofs will be submitted as soon as they are generated and aggregated, subject to normal proof submission optimizations. - Auto-Claiming L1 → L2 Messages
Implement automatic L1 → L2 message delivery (via the “Postman”), simplifying the bridging user experience. ERC-20 deposits from Ethereum to Linea via the native bridge can be auto-claimed, removing the need for a separate user-initiated transaction.
Q2 2025
- Lower L1 Cost
Leverage BLS12-381 precompiles from Ethereum’s Pectra fork to enable efficient KZG batching and signature aggregation for blob submissions, reducing on-chain data costs by up to 60%.
H2 2025
- 1s Block Time
Reduce block time from 2s to 1s, improving user experience and doubling throughput. Enabled by the “limitless prover,” which significantly cuts block-creation overhead. The 1s block time remains a balanced approach, considering the additional latency from ongoing sequencer decentralization. - Reduce Proof Time (Link)
Decrease proof-generation latency in Vortex from ~12 minutes to ~3 minutes, while implementing smaller elliptic curve fields (e.g., moving away from BLS12-377). These enhancements accelerate finality and lower transaction costs for users. - Account Abstraction / Paymaster in the Sequencer
Integrate ERC-4337 directly into the sequencer, bypassing reliance on standalone bundlers. User operations (UserOps) will be handled by the block builder, unlocking advanced wallet features such as session keys and account recovery. - Native Yield
Upgrade L1 smart contracts to enable ETH deposits to earn yield through staking and derivative strategies. On-chain yield distribution configurations can be customized to benefit dapps or reward users directly. This feature will be placed behind a feature flag and enabled for Status L2, and not used for Linea Mainnet.
2026
- 0.5s Block Time
Further halve block times from 1s to 0.5s, significantly enhancing the speed of transactions. Implementation will carefully balance decentralization (sequencer distribution, consensus latency) to maintain security. - Fast Withdrawals
Introduce an expedited withdrawal mechanism for users bridging back to Ethereum, allowing them to pay a premium to accelerate SNARK submission for time-sensitive exits. This complements existing third-party bridging solutions. - Additional Proof-Time Reductions
Continue optimizing proof generation, resulting in quicker finality for withdrawals and transfers. This further streamlines the user experience by reducing wait times. - Expanded MEV Handling
Implement mechanisms to handle MEV, ensuring a fairer environment for users and operators. This may involve additional R&D aligned with Ethereum’s evolving standards.
2027+
- 0.25s Block Time
Pursue an ambitious goal of 0.25-second blocks to support highly time-sensitive use cases. Achieving this “north star” depends on ongoing innovation in proof systems, consensus protocols, and client performance.
Developer Experience
Q1 2025
- Increase Gas Throughput to 22.5 mGas/s
Raise execution capacity in Besu from 15 mGas/s to 22.5 mGas/s (~100+ TPS, depending on transaction type). Balances higher throughput with state growth and emerging consensus requirements. - Sequencer Liveness Checker
Extend the sequencer to auto-submit a transaction if no block has been produced within a defined window. This helps keep prices and liquidations up to date in lending protocols like Aave, even during sequencer inactivity.
Q2 2025
- Block 27.5 mGas/s
Continue to target a 20% quarter-over-quarter throughput improvement. The introduction of the “limitless prover” will remove existing overhead from counting EVM operation limits in real time. - Limitless Prover (Link)
Transition from the current system of ~50 EVM operation limits to a single constraint, dramatically reducing sequencer overhead and enabling significantly more transactions per block. This also lowers memory requirements for proof generation, offering more options on hardware.
H2 2025
- Block 0.5 gGas/s
A major leap in throughput, thanks to the limitless prover and optimized client performance, positioning Linea to accommodate future growth in the Ethereum ecosystem. - Pectra EVM Upgrade
Upgrade from the London EVM to Pectra (encompassing Paris, Shanghai, Cancun, and other improvements). Ensures developers receive the latest EVM enhancements and features like EIP-7702 (streamlined account features for EOAs). - Keystore Wallets
Develop an initial MVP for account abstraction wallets designed to operate seamlessly across multiple networks. Collaboration with MetaMask and other wallet providers is ongoing. - Guaranteed Price
Offer predictable transaction fees for certain dApps (e.g., the MetaMask Card), decoupling user costs from L1 congestion. Initially a pilot, it may expand to broader developer usage over time.
2026
- Block 1 gGas/s
Continue ramping up throughput to reach ~10,000 TPS, aligned with Ethereum scaling goals. - EVM Upgrade
Maintain compatibility with the latest Ethereum hard forks and ensure timely support of new EVM features.
2027+
- Multi-Client 2 gGas/s
Scale throughput to ~20,000 TPS, backed by multiple clients for enhanced security and client diversity. - EVM Upgrades
Ongoing alignment with Ethereum’s evolution, including key protocol changes. - Type 1 zkEVM
As Ethereum moves to more zk-friendly state representations (Verkle Trees, etc.), Linea will follow suit, potentially becoming a Type-1 zkEVM. This reduces the complexity of maintaining a separate state model and paves the way for native rollup integration at the L1 protocol level.
Community Experience
Q1 2025
- Prover Completeness
Mark the transition from Alpha to Beta release of the Linea protocol, covering 100% of London EVM execution. This milestone removes the “recategorization timer” on L2Beat, indicating mature proof coverage. - State Reconstruction
Provide fully verifiable state reconstruction for failover scenarios, empowering anyone to rebuild L2 state from L1 data. This secures funds even in the case of a full disappearance of Linea… - Security Council
Establish the Linea Security Council (LSC) with a 9-of-12 Gnosis Safe multisig for critical upgrades. Upgrades default to a 7-day timelock so users can exit if they disagree with changes. An override is possible for severe security vulnerabilities, in line with Stage 1 L2Beat requirements.
Q2 2025
- Consensus Client Transition
Migrate from Clique to QBFT (the “Maru” consensus layer), ensuring compatibility with Ethereum Engine APIs and improved EVM features. This is a foundational step in further decentralizing the sequencer.
H2 2025
- Permissioned DPoS (Link)
Transition to a permissioned Delegated Proof of Stake (DPoS) system with QBFT consensus. While initially limited to a predetermined set of validators, it is the next phase toward a fully decentralized, stake-based operator model. - Formal Verification (Early Stages)
Begin formal verification of critical EVM logic up through the Pectra version. This enhances security and reliability, reflecting a rigorous approach to protocol engineering. - Stage 1: Escape Hatch
Provide a fallback mechanism so users can securely exit and withdraw assets even under operator failure or censorship. This ensures unstoppable user access, reinforcing Linea’s commitment to trustless and resilient operations. - Stage 2 Upgrades
- 30-day timelock for major protocol changes.
- Multi-prover approach integrating TEE and PoS-based validation.
- Extended finality delay in cases lacking consensus from all provers, giving the Security Council time to intervene if needed.
2026
- Ongoing Formal Verification
With each EVM upgrade, continue the formal verification process to uphold security and trust.
2027+
- Permissionless DPoS (Link)
Open validator participation to the public, allowing any node to stake and join the consensus. Rotate QBFT subcommittees randomly, enforcing accountability via slashing and ensuring high security and performance. - zkVM Multi-Prover
Integrate additional zkVM implementations into a multi-prover model, possibly leveraging RISC-V or other architectures. This furthers performance and security by diversifying proof-generation methods. - Continued Formal Verification
Maintain rigorous, ongoing formal verification practices with each EVM or protocol update.
Additional Areas of Focus
Beyond the core Linea roadmap, our team remains deeply engaged with the Ethereum ecosystem and L2 interoperability discussions. Current research and proposals include:
- EIP-7667: Raising gas costs of hash functions
- EIP-7759: Layer 2 transaction fee specification
- ERC-7785, ERC-7828, ERC-7683, ERC-7802: Various cross-chain standards for configuration, chain-specific addresses, intents, and token interfaces
- RIP-7755: Cross-chain call protocol
In addition to the items mentioned above, our team is actively exploring what it means for Linea to function as a “based rollup” and will be contributing to FABRIC. Any insights gained from this work may lead to further adjustments or expansions in the roadmap.
We welcome community feedback, contributions, and open dialogue on all these topics. For more on our open-source philosophy, please refer to our forum post: Open Source as a Key Element of Linea’s Strategy.
Join the Conversation
Your insights are invaluable. If you’d like to participate in research, development, or general feedback, please comment below. Together, we can strengthen the Ethereum ecosystem and deliver world-class scaling solutions with Linea.
Thank you for reading and contributing to the future of Linea technology.
